![]() ![]() If what is being removed is pleasurable for the learner, such as access to food or money, then we have a negative punishment experiment and the expression of the conditioned behavior will decrease. Negative protocols are characterized by the removal of an existing stimulus upon the completion of the action.If the outcome is unpleasant/unfavorable, we have a positive punishment protocol that weakens the expression of the behavior. If the outcome is pleasurable/favorable, then we have a positive reinforcement protocol that strengthens this behavior. Positive protocols shape an action so it ultimately results in the addition of a new stimulus or outcome.Positive and negative refers to the outcome, whether something was added or removed, if we get something new or we lose something that we already have. Keep in mind that positive and negative does not reflect whether we like or not the consequences. Both reinforcement and punishment can be further characterized and subdivided as being positive or negative. In scientific terms, the encouragement of a behavior is achieved by reinforcement, while the discouragement of a behavior happens through punishment. In operant conditioning, every action has an effect and this effect determines whether the action is encouraged or discouraged. They started to salivate upon the bell ring even without seeing or smelling food. Pavlov always rang a bell before presenting food to the dogs, and eventually the dogs learned that when the bell rings then food is provided. Dogs normally salivate when food is presented. For example, in his famous experiments Pavlov used dogs and associated food preservation with a bell ring. However, other forms of learning, such as Pavlovian classical conditioning, may create the association of two stimuli. The key element in operant conditioning is the action. Will the animal’s age influence the test results?.How should I habituate the animals to experimenter handling?.Can Different People Administer Behavioral Tests in a Single Experiment?.Maze Basics: Conditioned Place Preference.OroFacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD). ![]() ![]() Repeated Acquisition and Performance Chamber.Five Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5CSRTT). ![]()
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